Similarly, they may utilize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) when inhibition of tissue is necessary. Typically, interneuron will release glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, to activate tissues in a reflex response. Īs with all neurons, interneurons are able to stimulate tissues through the use of neurotransmitters, or chemical messengers however, for the purpose of integration, interneuron utilizes different neurotransmitters than the peripheral nervous system uses. They come in a much greater variety of forms than afferent or efferent nerve cells, but, as of 2013, there is no standard method of classifying them into types. Although they are found throughout the brain, each one is confined to a particular region: they do not connect different parts of the brain to one another. Interneurons are multipolar nerve cells (see image), meaning that they have more than one dendrite. The interaction between interneurons allows the brain to perform complex functions such as learning, and decision-making. Relay interneurons have long axons and connect circuits of neurons in one region of the brain with those in other regions.Local interneuron has short axons and form circuits with nearby neurons to analyze small pieces of information.Interneuron can be broken down into two groups: local interneuron and relay interneuron. In the neocortex (making up about 80% of the human brain), approximately 20-30% of neurons are interneurons. The central nervous system, including the brain, contains many interneuron. Interneurons form key nodes within neural circuitry in the brain and help regulate neuronal activity by releasing the neurotransmitter GABA, which inhibits the firing of other neurons.It also connects to other interneurons, allowing them to communicate with one another. Interneurons acts as a “middle-man” between afferent, or sensory, neurons, which receive signals from the peripheral nervous system, and efferent, or motor, neurons, which transmit signals from the brain.This abundance of interneurons is due to the complexity of integrating the sensory and motor segments of the nervous system and the diversity of functions that exist in the brain and spinal cord. There are more than 100 billion interneurons in the human body, which makes them the most abundant of the three major neuron types (along with sensory and motor neurons). ie Found in the brain and spinal cord and not in the peripheral segments of the nervous system. Interneurons (also known as association neurons) are neurons that are found exclusively in the central nervous system.
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